Race: The History of a Word

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Historically, race has been an extremely important & commonly used word in the last like 500 years. But, like all words, the history of the word race is complicated. You see, the contemporary definition of the word race just didn’t pop up out of nowhere. It’s changed quite a bit. In this video we explore the etymology and history of this word from Plato & Aristotle all the way to David Hume & Voltaire.

TRANSCRIPT

PHILOSOPHY

Citations:

Hudson, Nicholas. “‘Nation to ‘Race’: The Origin of Racial Classification in Eighteenth-Century Thought.” Eighteenth-Century Studies, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 247–264. Spring, 1996, https://doi.org/http://www.jstor.org/stable/30053821.

Ward, Julie K., and Tommy L. Lott, editors. Philosophers on Race: Critical Essays. Blackwell, 2002. Buy Here!

Lewis, Bernard. Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry. Oxford University Press, 1992. Buy here!

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A Complete History of Nihilism

Nihilism comes from the Latin word nihil, meaning, nothing. Nihilism is typically defined as a belief in nothing. Depending on a person’s flavor of nihilism, nihilists don’t believe in objective morality, no good or evil. There is no objective knowledge, no truths and no falsehoods. There is no reason to even exist, because we are all going to be dead in the end. The universe is, and beyond that nothing: no order, no structure, no design, no purpose.

Arguably the best thinker on nihilism was 19th century German Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche, a miserably cantankorous individual, whose life was burdened by excruciating stomach and migraine pain, and who died in a madhouse unable to feed himself, said there were many different stages to nihilism, but all of them relied on a willing towards nothing.

NIHILISM

Citations:

Hegel Georg Wilhelm. The Science of Logic. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Buy here!

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. The Gay Science: With a Prelude in Rhymes and an Appendix of Songs. Buy here!

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None. Buy here!

Nietzsche, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future. Buy here!

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. Twilight of the Idols and the Anti-Christ. Buy here!

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm. On the Genealogy of Morality: A Polemic. Buy here!

Plato. Phaedrus. Plato Complete Works. 247c-e. Buy here!

Heidegger, Martin. “‘The Word of Nietzsche: God Is Dead.’” The Question Concerning Technology, and Other Essays, Harper Collins Publishers, New York, 2013. Buy here!

Rohlf, Michael. “Immanuel Kant.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, 28 July 2020.

Hughes, Peter. “Nietzsche & Nihilism.” Ethical Society. 22 Nov. 2009.


Deleuze, Gilles. Nietzsche and Philosophy. Buy here!

Ceika, Jonas. How to Philosophize with a Hammer and Sickle: Nietzsche and Marx for the 21st-Century Left. Watkins Publishing, 2022. Buy here!

Fincher, David, director. Fight Club. 20th Century Fox, 1999. Buy here!

Liv Agar: WallStreetBets, Gamestop, & Nietzsche’s Account of Nihilism.

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