Is Biological Sex Observed or Assigned?

Nowadays, many institutions, especially medical institutions, refer to a person’s biological sex as their sex assigned at birth. This has been from the influence of trans theories: i.e., any theory which believes a person can change their gender and/or their sex characteristics. (VIEW MORE)

Citations:

Let’s Talk About Intersex [ANIMATION] • trf

Research on Brain Sex:

Mosaic hypothesis of brain sexual dimorphism:

Joel, Daphna. Male or female? Brains are intersex. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience. Volume 5 | Article 57. 2011.

Joel, Daphna et al. Sex beyond the genitalia: The human brain mosaic. 2015.

Joel, Daphna et al. The Complex Relationships between Sex and the Brain. The Neuroscientist. 2019.

Joel D, Fausto-Sterling A. 2016 Beyond sex differences: new approaches for thinking about variation in brain structure and function. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371:20150451.

Critique of Mosaic Hypothesis:

Giudicea, Marco Del, et al. Joel et al.’s method systematically fails to detect large, consistent sex differences. 2016.

Rosenblatta, Jonathan D. Multivariate revisit to “sex beyond the genitalia”.

Glezermana, Marek. Yes,there is a female and a male brain: Morphology versus functionality. 2016.

Skepticism of Brain Sex:

McCarthy & Konkle. When is a sex difference not a sex difference? Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 26 (2005).

Eliot, Lisa et al. Dump the “dimorphism”: Comprehensive synthesis of human brain studies reveals few male-female differences beyond size. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 125 (2021).

Gender Identity in Trans Children:

Olson, Kristina R. et al. Gender Cognition in Transgender Children. Psychological Science 2015, Vol. 26(4).

Michael Zaliznyak, BA and others, How Early in Life do Transgender Adults Begin to Experience Gender Dysphoria? Why This Matters for Patients, Providers, and for Our Healthcare System, Sexual Medicine, Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021, Page 100448.

Kennedy & Helen. Transgender Children: More Than a Theoretical Challenge. Graduate Journal of Social Science. Vol 7 | Issue 10 | December 2010 (25-43).

PHILOSOPHY


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